Insertion companies in social and solidarity economy: perspectives and proposal from FAEDEI

El objetivo del artículo es presentar las perspectivas y propuestas que se ponen en marcha en la Federación de Asociaciones Empresariales de Empresas de Inserción (FAEDEI), para fomentar la visibilización, el desarrollo y la creación de empresas de inserción. El artículo explica el marco de actuación en el que las más de doscientas empresas de inserción que actualmente operan en España desarrollan su modelo de economía social, de eficacia reconocida para la inserción sociolaboral de personas con dificultades de acceso al mercado laboral..Main goal of the paper is to introduce new perspectives and proposals put into commission by the Insertion Companies Entrepreneurial Associations Federation (Federación de Asociaciones Empresariales de Empresas de Inserción,FAEDEI) to promote the visibility, development and creation of insertion companies. The paper explains the action frame in which the more than two hundred insertion companies currently operating in Spain develop their social economy model, o model of recognized efficiency for the social and labour insertion of persons with difficulties to access the labour market

Social perspectives towards biobased products and textiles

This study explores and compares stakeholders’ perceptions of biobased products over the last few years. Three groups of stakeholders are included: consumers, the business-to-business market, and public procurers. The main research method consists of a qualitative analysis of some of the results obtained in a series of surveys in Europe-wide projects with the aim of understanding the behaviour, motivations, and concerns of stakeholders related to biobased products. The aim is to gather up-to-date information on the opinion of society from the perspective of the different actors on this type of product, focusing on textiles, in order to make a series of proposals to favour their inclusion in the market, while at the same time answering which are the most influential aspects when it comes to favouring or complicating the access of bioproducts to the market. The document compiles information from multiple sources and years (2014–2020) and, together with the most current and available information (2021), is processed in such a way that the information can be compared across years and stakeholders, allowing to observe the evolution over time of societal perspectives and the variation in opinion according to stakeholder. The results are presented according to three themes: (1) level of awareness, (2) product information, and (3) benefits, drivers, and barriers. The main findings indicate a general lack of awareness of biobased products, as well as several divergences in terms of the best methods to promote market access for biobased textiles

The dynamical association between physical activity and affect in the daily life of individuals with ADHD

Exercise interventions in mental disorders have evidenced a mood-enhancing effect. However, the association between physical activity and affect in everyday life has not been investigated in adult individuals with ADHD, despite being important features of this disorder. As physical activity and affect are dynamic processes in nature, assessing those in everyday life with e- diaries and wearables, has become the gold standard. Thus, we used an mHealth approach to prospectively assess physical activity and affect processes in individuals with ADHD and con- trols aged 14–45 years. Participants wore accelerometers across a four-day period and reported their affect via e-diaries twelve times daily. We used multilevel models to identify the within- subject effects of physical activity on positive and negative affect. We split our sample into three groups: 1. individuals with ADHD who were predominantly inattentive ( n = 48), 2. in- dividuals with ADHD having a combined presentation (i.e., being inattentive and hyperactive; n = 95), and 3. controls ( n = 42). Our analyses revealed a significant cross-level interaction (F(2, 135.072) = 5.733, p = 0.004) of physical activity and group on positive affect. In details, all groups showed a positive association between physical activity and positive affect. Indi- viduals with a combined presentation significantly showed the steepest slope of physical ac- tivity on positive affect (slope_inattentive = 0.005, p < 0.001; slope_combined = 0.009, p < 0.001; slope_controls = 0.004, p = 0.008). Our analyses on negative affect revealed a negative associ- ation only in the individuals with a combined presentation (slope = -0.003; p = 0.001). Whether this specifically pronounced association in individuals being more hyperactive might be a mech- anism reinforcing hyperactivity needs to be empirically clarified in future studies.European Commission 667302ECNP Networ

Magnetism of Cr10 wheels on Au(111) and Cu(111) surfaces

Trabajo presentado al X Meeting de GEFES (División de Física de la Materia Condensada de la Real Sociedad Española de Física), celebrado en Valencia del 24 al 26 de enero de 2018We report on the magnetic properties of {Cr10} wheels (Cr10(OMe)20(O2CCMe)10) UHVsublimated on Cu(111) and Au(111) single-crystals investigated by means of by XAS & XMCD, SQUID magnetometry and STM. We discuss the magnetic anisotropy and magnetic moment field-dependence of the grafted {Cr10} molecules, as a function of the metallic substrate and layer thickness, and compare it with bulk material. Our results demonstrate that evaporated molecules show negligible anisotropy and weak dependence with the substrate. A combination of XMCD and SQUID magnetometry show that Mono- and Multilayer {Cr10} samples exhibit a magnetic behavior stemming from a S = 9 ground state, ruling out some previous results. Montecarlo simulations show that the magnetic evolution can be explained by {Cr10} molecules magneticaly consisting of two semi-crowns containing 4 Cr ions interacting ferromagnetically, separated by 2 Cr ions with antiferromagnetic interactions, giving rise to the ground S = 9 state, in agreement with previous EPR data in literature. Evaporation of {Cr10} onto a substrate producing subtle structural changes induce strong changes in the Cr-Cr interactions and distinct magnetic behavior from the bulk.Peer Reviewe

Actualizaciones en la terapia génica del Síndrome X Frágil

El Síndrome X Frágil es la principal causa hereditaria de discapacidad intelectual y la principal causa monogénica de autismo. Se trata de una enfermedad de herencia dominante ligada al cromosoma X. Se produce por una mutación dinámica con expansión de tripletes CGG en el gen FMR1, que cuando sobrepasan las 200 copias, detonan la inactivación epigenética del gen. Las modificaciones epigenéticas principales son la metilación del promotor y las modificaciones de las histonas H3 y H4. A día de hoy se ha demostrado la posibilidad de reactivar parcialmente el gen FMR1 mediante tres vías de actuación. En primer lugar, mediante la inactivación con 5-azadC de la enzima DNA metiltransferasa, se inhibe la metilación del promotor. En segundo lugar, se revierten las modificaciones de las histonas y se consigue el estado de eucromatina, utilizando fármacos como el butirato, el 4-fenilbutirato, el ácido valproico, la L-acetilcarnitina y la tricostatina A. Por último, aplicando la técnica de edición genómica CRISPR/Cas9 para escindir el exceso de trinucleótidos, se consiguen resultados prometedores.Grado en Medicin

The Role of Feral Goats in Maintaining Firebreaks by Using Attractants

Altres ajuts: FONDECYT/236-2015The threat of large forest fires is increasing, and the main causes are the depopulation of rural areas, along with the effects of climate change. To counter this threat in recent decades, there have been numerous proposals and actions aimed at promoting grazing in the forest as a tool for controlling biomass fuel. However, the continued disappearance of traditional herds makes this activity difficult. Rural depopulation has also meant that domestic species become feral, being habitual in the case of goats. Currently, little is known about the role that feral goats can play in the fight against forest fires. In this work, an analysis is made on the effect of feral goats on the control of the vegetation in firebreak areas. Furthermore, the effect of attractants, such as water, salt, or food, on goat behavior is also studied. The study was carried out on the island of Mallorca, where a population of feral goats occupies the mountain areas, and where it is common for them to graze on the network of firebreaks. The results showed that these areas in themselves exert an attractive effect with respect to the neighboring forest, and that the herbaceous biomass is reduced. This effect was enhanced with the implementation of water and salt points, although only in certain periods of the year. In general, it was possible to reduce the phytovolume of many species without affecting biodiversity in the short or medium term. Therefore, strategic management of feral animals, aimed at firebreak areas, could contribute not only to reducing the risk of fires and, consequently, to the mitigation of climate change, but also to attracting these animals to the forests, thus avoiding their dispersion to conflictive places such as roads,residences, agricultural fields, and gardens

Complementarity between microhistological analysis and PCR-capillary electrophoresis in diet analysis of goats and cattle using faecal samples

Altres ajuts: project Life Montserrat (LIFE13 BIO/ES/000094). Javier Pareja was supported by the National Fund for Scientific, Technological Development and Technological Innovation (FONDECYT), the funding branch of the National Council for Science, Technology and Technological Innovation (CONCYTEC) Peru (Grant contract number N° 236-2015-FONDECYT).An evaluation is made of the complementarity between two non-invasive techniques, cuticle microhistological analysis (CMA) and PCR-capillary electrophoresis (PCR-CE) DNA-based analysis, for the determination of herbivore diet composition from faecal samples. Cuticle microhistological analysis is based on the different microanatomical characteristics of the epidermal fragments remaining in the faeces. The PCR-CE technique combines PCR amplification of a trnL(UAA) genomic DNA region with amplicon length determination by CE, with this length being characteristic for each species or taxon. A total of 37 fresh stool samples were analyzed, including 16 from feral goats (Capra hircus) from the Tramuntana mountain range (Mallorca, Baleares) and 11 from Bruna dels Pirineus cattle breed (Bos taurus) from the surrounding Montserrat mountain range (Barcelona, Spain). All the animals were in a free grazing Mediterranean pine habitat, dominated by Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis). The results showed that both techniques detected a similar number of plant components in the faeces of goats and cows. In the case of goats, a positive correlation was obtained between the percentage of samples in which a particular taxon is detected by CMA and the percentage of samples in which that taxon is detected by PCR-CE. This correlation was not observed in the case of cows. It is concluded that PCR-CE is a fast and reliable method to detect the different plant components in the faeces of herbivores. However, it cannot be considered as an alternative to CMA, but as a complementary method, since both techniques can detect some taxa that are not detected by the other technique. In addition, CMA detected the presence of the different taxa in a greater number of samples, and at the same time, it enables quantitative data to be obtained for plant diet composition. The species of herbivore also seems to influence the results obtained by PCR-CE, so more studies are required to address this aspect

Antiferromagnetic single-chain magnet slow relaxation in the {Tb(α-fur)3}n polymer with non-Kramers ions

We report the synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of a new molecular complex based on a Tb(iii) ion supported by 2-furancarboxylic molecules: {Tb(α-fur)(HO)} (α-fur = CHOCOO). Two slightly different Tb sites (A and B) exist depending on the position of one of the dangling ligands. Ab initio calculations predict that, for both sites, the magnetic ground state is highly anisotropic (g∗ = 17.8) and consists of a quasi-doublet with a small gap, well isolated from the next excited state. The α-fur ligand forms 1D polymeric chains of Tb ions of the same type (either A or B) running along the c-axis. The crystal structure is formed by the supramolecular stacking along the a-axis of 2D layers containing parallel chains of the same type. Static magnetization and heat capacity measurements show that, magnetically, the system can be modeled as an ensemble of Ising chains of non-Kramers Tb ions with effective spin S∗ = 1/2, antiferromagnetically (AF) coupled by a weak intrachain interaction (J∗/k = -0.135 K). At very low temperatures, the static susceptibility reflects the presence of a 2-4% concentration of defects in the chains. Ac susceptibility measurements at H = 0 performed down to mK temperatures have enabled us to observe the slow relaxation of magnetization through two different pathways. They are assigned to Single-Chain-Magnet (SCM) behavior in two different types of AF chains (A and B), triggered by the existence of defects breaking the chains into segments with short-range order. At temperatures below 0.1 K this mechanism is replaced by individual relaxation of the ions through direct processes. Under the application of a magnetic field the system slowly relaxes by two distinct direct processes, strongly affected by a phonon bottleneck effect.This work has been financed by MECOM Projects MAT11/23791 and MAT11/27233-C02-02, MAT2015-68204-R, MAT2014-53921-R, DGA IMANA E34 and MOLCHIP E98 Projects. Consolider Nanoselect (CSD2007-00041) and by a grant of the Ministry of National Education, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0261. D. P. thanks the Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Foundation for financial support.Peer Reviewe

Etiología de la Hipoacusia de origen genético

Currently, the high incidence of non-syndromic hearing loss in the Spanish population is allowing progress in the identification of the genes involved, as well as the possible auditory and non-auditory consequences depending on the genetic nature of the pathology. Speech therapy intervention is essential in the treatment of this type of hearing loss. The objective of this review is to gather knowledge about the most numerous non-syndromic hearing loss in Spain, the effect caused by each specific mutation and the consequences they cause, so that a medical-surgical treatment can be devised. The most common mutations in the Spanish population are those originated in the GJB2, GJB6 and OTOF genes; each of them presents different phenotypes. Those responsible for the irregularities are the connexins in the cells of the ear, proteins that form intercellular gap junctions for the exchange of small molecules and ions. The diversities for each hearing loss depend on the place occupied by the cells that have their modified connexins. The treatment of this type of hearing loss is especially important for the alterations caused by certain connexins. One of the examples is the integrity of the auditory nerve that will give options for the cochlear implant. Analyzing these particularities together with other factors such as the age of onset or the degree of loss, an attempt will be made to develop a treatment with particularities for each patient.En la actualidad la gran incidencia de las hipoacusias no sindrómicas en la población española está permitiendo avanzar en la identificación de los genes implicados, así como las posibles consecuencias auditivas y no auditivas dependiendo de la naturaleza genética de la patología. La intervención logopédica es fundamental en el tratamiento de este tipo de hipoacusias. El objetivo de esta revisión es recopilar el conocimiento sobre las hipoacusias no sindrómicas más numerosas en España, el efecto que provoca cada mutación específica y las consecuencias que provocan, así podrá idearse un tratamiento médico-quirúrgico. Las mutaciones más comunes en la población española son las originadas en los genes GJB2, GJB6 y OTOF; cada uno de ellos presenta fenotipos distintos. Las responsables de las irregularidades son las conexinas de las células del oído, proteínas que forman uniones gap intercelulares para intercambios de pequeñas moléculas e iones. Las diversidades para cada hipoacusia dependen del lugar que ocupan las células que tienen sus conexinas modificadas. El tratamiento de este tipo de hipoacusias tiene especial importancia las alteraciones provocadas por determinadas conexinas. Uno de los ejemplos es la integridad del nervio auditivo que dará opciones para el implante coclear. Analizando estas particularidades junto con otros factores como la edad de aparición o el grado de pérdida se intentará elaborar un tratamiento con particularidades para cada paciente